Can infective endocarditis cause renal failure?
In some cases, IE induces rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and results in end-stage renal failure, which is associated with poor patient prognosis (5).
What is the most common complication of infective endocarditis?
Congestive heart failure is the most common serious complication of infective endocarditis and is the leading cause of death among patients with this infection.
What are some complications of infective endocarditis?
Complications of infective endocarditis (IE) include cardiac, metastatic, neurologic, renal, musculoskeletal, and pulmonary complications as well as complications related to systemic infection (including embolization, metastatic infection, and mycotic aneurysm). More than one complication can occur simultaneously.
Can CHF cause endocarditis?
Aims: Although congestive heart failure (CHF) represents the most common cause of death in native valve infective endocarditis (IE), recent data on the outcome of IE complicated by CHF are lacking.
Why does splenomegaly cause infective endocarditis?
Splenomegaly occurs in 37% of patients with active infective endocarditis and in 64% of those with pros- thetic valve endocarditis (10). It is most often due to congestion, hyperplasia, and infarction (11). At present, the actual incidence of splenic abscess in endocarditis is unknown.
What is renal cortical necrosis?
Renal cortical necrosis is a rare cause of acute renal failure secondary to ischemic necrosis of the renal cortex. The lesions are usually caused by significantly diminished renal arterial perfusion secondary to vascular spasm, microvascular injury, or intravascular coagulation.
What is the most affected valve in infective endocarditis?
Intravenous drug abuse The tricuspid valve is most commonly affected (50%), whereas involvement of the mitral and aortic valves is less common (20% each). The involvement of multiple valves is common. Pulmonary valve endocarditis is rare.
Why are septic emboli a common complication of infective endocarditis?
Infective endocarditis is an established common cause of septic emboli from case studies as early as 1883. [3] Parts of the vegetations on the valves infected dislodge and travel through the bloodstream and block blood vessels based on the size and the location.
What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis?
Approximately 80% of infective endocarditis cases are caused by the bacteria streptococci and staphylococci. The third most common bacteria causing this disease is enterococci, and, like staphylococci, is commonly associated with healthcare-associated infective endocarditis.
What is the differential diagnosis for infective endocarditis?
Fever of 38°C (100.4°F) or higher. Vascular phenomenon, including major arterial emboli, septic pulmonary infarcts, mycotic aneurysm, intracranial hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhage, or Janeway lesions. Immunologic phenomenon such as glomerulonephritis, Osler nodes, Roth spots, and rheumatoid factor.
Is infective endocarditis fatal?
Endocarditis is a rare and potentially fatal infection of the inner lining of the heart (the endocardium). It’s most commonly caused by bacteria entering the blood and travelling to the heart.
What is the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis?
The pathophysiology of infective endocarditis comprises at least three critical elements: preparation of the cardiac valve for bacterial adherence, adhesion of circulating bacteria to the prepared valvular surface, and survival of the adherent bacteria on the surface, with propagation of the infected vegetation.