What does the Davenport diagram show?

What does the Davenport diagram show?

Davenport diagrams are graphic displays of acid-base states. They illustrate the dynamic relationships between arterial blood pH, bicarbonate and non-bicarbonate buffers, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

What is the blood buffer line?

The Davenport diagram shows that shifts in pH at various levels of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) with, A, normal bicarbonate concentrations, B, increased carbonic acid levels, C, decreased carbonic acid levels in the blood. The line connecting the points is the buffer line for arterial blood.

How do you read an acid base nomogram?

Notice that on the x-axis (pH), 7.4, normal pH is in the middle. Notice that it crosses the y-axis (bicarb), at 24. That location with coordinates of 7.4 on the x-axis and 24 on the y-axis is called normal. Notice that the graph is like three intersecting curves drawn with a paintbrush with broad strokes.

What is severe metabolic acidosis?

Definition. Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.

What causes respiratory acidosis?

Respiratory acidosis typically occurs due to failure of ventilation and accumulation of carbon dioxide. The primary disturbance is an elevated arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and a decreased ratio of arterial bicarbonate to arterial pCO2, which results in a decrease in the pH of the blood.

What are the 3 major buffer systems?

The body’s chemical buffer system consists of three individual buffers: the carbonate/carbonic acid buffer, the phosphate buffer and the buffering of plasma proteins.

How is acid-base compensation calculated?

III. Calculation: Calculated PaCO2 in Metabolic Conditions

1. Metabolic Acidosis with expected compensation. PaCO2 = 1.5 x HCO3 + 8 (+/- 2) PaCO2Delta = 1.2 x BicarbDelta. PaCO2 will not typically drop below 10 mmHg in respiratory compensation.
2. Metabolic Alkalosis with expected compensation. PaCO2 = 0.7 x HCO3 + 20 (+/- 1.5)

What are signs of acidosis?

People with metabolic acidosis often have nausea, vomiting, and fatigue and may breathe faster and deeper than normal. People with respiratory acidosis often have headache and confusion, and breathing may appear shallow, slow, or both. Tests on blood samples typically show pH below the normal range.

What are three 3 causes of metabolic acidosis?

Metabolic acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body’s acid-base balance. Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids.

How does respiratory compensation work?

Respiratory compensation is the modulation by the brainstem respiratory centers, which involves altering alveolar ventilation to try and bring the plasma pH back to its normal value (7.4) in order to keep the acid-base balance in the body. The chemoreceptors send afferent fibers to the brainstem respiratory centers.