What is a Siderophage?
A siderophage is a hemosiderin-containing macrophage. Heart failure cells are siderophages generated in the alveoli of the lungs of people with left heart failure or chronic pulmonary edema, when the high pulmonary blood pressure causes red blood cells to pass through the vascular wall.
What is hemosiderin-laden macrophages?
Hemosiderin-laden macrophages (HLM) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were originally known as a diagnostic biomarker of alveolar hemorrhage [1, 2]. In these reports, a relationship between hemosiderin deposition and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure was suspected [3, 4].
Why is alveolar macrophage called heart failure?
Pulmonary congestion with dilated capillaries and leakage of blood into alveolar spaces leads to an increase in hemosiderin-laden macrophages, as seen here. These macrophages are sometimes called “heart failure cells” because of their association with pulmonary congestion with congestive heart failure.
What causes Hemosiderosis?
Hemosiderosis has two main causes: bleeding within an organ or area of tissue. red blood cells breaking down within your bloodstream.
What are foamy macrophages?
Foam cells are a type of macrophage that localize to fatty deposits on blood vessel walls, where they ingest low-density lipoproteins and become laden with lipids, giving them a foamy appearance.
What pigmented macrophages?
The damaged (apoptotic) cells appear as darkly pigmented bodies that may be taken up by scavenger cells known as macrophages. When enough cells have been damaged, the characteristic pigmentation of the bowel wall develops. The condition can develop after just a few months of laxative use.
What are alveolar macrophages?
Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defense against pollutants and pathogenic microbes that initiate an innate immune response in the lung. Two phenotypes of alveolar macrophages have been identified: classically activated macrophage (M1 macrophage) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2 macrophage).
What is hemosiderosis and how is it treated?
Treatment Options Hemosiderosis treatments focus on respiratory therapy, oxygen, immunosuppression, and blood transfusions to address severe anemia. If your child has Heiner syndrome, all milk and milk products should be removed from their diet. This alone may be enough to clear up any bleeding in their lungs.
What is the macrophage?
Listen to pronunciation. (MA-kroh-fayj) A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.