What is orbital exenteration?
Orbital exenteration implies the removal of all the orbital contents including the periorbita and eyelids. An operation similar to modern exenteration was probably described by Bartisch in 1583 (cited by Goldberg et al1).
What is an orbital prosthetist?
An ocular prosthesis, artificial eye or glass eye is a type of craniofacial prosthesis that replaces an absent natural eye following an enucleation, evisceration, or orbital exenteration. The prosthesis fits over an orbital implant and under the eyelids.
What is the difference between exenteration and enucleation?
Enucleation is removal of the intact eye, leaving the muscles and other tissue attachments within the orbit. Exenteration is removal of the eye and the contents of the orbit; variations to the basic technique, saving or sacrificing different tissues within or around the orbit, depend on the clinical circumstances.
What are orbital implants?
Orbital implants are medical prosthetics used to replace the orbital volume and allow some amount of realistic movement of a prosthetic eye following enucleation (or evisceration). In 1884 implants were first described by Mules, and since then different implant materials and shapes have been tried.
What is a total Rhinectomy?
Rhinectomy. ICD-9-CM. 21.3-21.4. A rhinectomy is the surgical removal of a nose. If only part of the nose is removed it is called a partial rhinectomy, while entire nose removal is called a total rhinectomy.
Why do orbitals Exenterate?
Exenteration is performed mostly for orbital malignancies in an attempt to become cure of cancer with tumor free margins. It is also performed in painful or life-threatening orbital infections or inflammations.
How do you become an ocular prosthetist?
The ASO COO Intern Program requires the student study all aspects of ocular prosthetics, and spend a minimum of five years (10,000 hours) in practical training. The Intern must also successfully complete 750 credits of related course instruction offered by the College.
What is scleral shell prosthesis?
A scleral shell prosthesis is a thin prosthetic eye designed to be worn over a discolored and/or disfigured eye. The prosthesis covers the entire surface of the cosmetically blemished eye, restoring its natural appearance.
What is orbital enucleation?
An orbital enucleation involves the removal of the entire eyeball, including the globe and the sclera. Other orbital (eye socket) contents will stay in place. It is performed for infections, cancers within the globe of the eye, and cases of trauma to the eye.
How do you do orbital Exenteration?
Total Exenteration Technique The superior orbital rim is identified and the periosteum is elevated. The lateral orbital rim is incised along the periosteum. Superiorly, the periosteum is elevated from the orbital rim. Laterally the periosteum is elevated from the lateral orbital rim and lateral wall.
How long does an orbital implant last?
Replacement of the artificial eye may be necessary every 5 years or so.
What are orbital implants made of?
Orbital implants are made of hydroxyapatite or porous polyethylene and frequently are used in orbital reconstruction after enucleation or evisceration surgery. Infection of these implants is a rare event, with only a handful of cases reported in the literature.
Orbital Exenteration This is the removal of all eye socket contents, including muscles, the lacrimal gland system, the optic nerve as well as varying parts of the bone of the orbit. The eyelid can be spared, depending on the extent of the tumor.
What are the different types of ophthalmic procedures?
1 Evisceration. This involves the removal of the inner contents of the eye, while leaving behind the white outer layer of the eyeball, the sclera. 2 Enucleation. This involves the removal of the entire eyeball, including the globe and the sclera, but leaving the rest of the orbital (eye socket) contents in place. 3 Orbital Exenteration.
What kind of doctor performs orbital eviscerations and exenterations?
Ophthalmologists perform eviscerations and enucleations, while exenterations are performed by either ophthalmologists or head and neck surgeons. The anatomy of the eye is quite complex; click here to learn more about orbital anatomy Doctors will give their patients specific instructions regarding what to do before surgery.
Is exenteration life-saving in children with orbital extension of retinoblastoma?
Conclusions: Exenteration appears to be life-saving in children with orbital extension of retinoblastoma. While patients exenterated for malignant eyelid tumors have the best chance of survival, those with orbital extension of uveal melanoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland have the worst prognosis.