What is rondeau form in music?
The rondeau was a fixed form of French lyric poetry. Fixed form meant that the structure of stanzas and rhymes had to follow a certain pattern. The poems consisted of four stanzas, in which the first and last were identical. These poems were often sung.
What are the 3 musical elements found in the rondeau?
Rondeau poems contain a fixed verse form divided into three stanzas: a quintet, a quatrain, and a sestet. The opening words of the first line of the first stanza serve as a refrain that will be repeated in the last line of the second and third stanzas.
Is virelai secular?
As a composer of the fourteenth century, Machaut’s secular song output includes monophonic lais and virelais, which continue, in updated forms, some of the tradition of the troubadours.
What is formes fixes in music?
formes fixes, Principal forms of music and poetry in 14th- and 15th-century France. Three forms predominated. The rondeau followed the pattern ABaAabAB; A (a) and B (b) represent repeated musical phrases; capital letters indicate repetition of text in a refrain, while lowercase letters indicate new text.
Who wrote the rondeau?
Guillaume de Machaut
Originally, the rondeau was a courtly musical style devoted to emotional subjects like spiritual worship, romance, and the changing of seasons. Rondeaux were sung and composed in four stanzas by its earliest champions, “hunchback poet” Adam de La Halle and composer Guillaume de Machaut.
What are the three types of Italian secular music in the 14th century?
Some popular genres of secular music in the Trecento were the ballata (ballad), the caccia (hunting song), and the madrigal. The ballata’s name is derived from the Italian verb ballare (to dance), and they are so called because they often accompanied a dance.
What are the different formes fixes?
The formes fixes (French: [fɔʁm fiks]; singular: forme fixe, “fixed form”) are the three 14th- and 15th-century French poetic forms: the ballade, rondeau, and virelai. Sometimes forms from other countries and periods are referred to as formes fixes.
What does rondeau mean in English?
Definition of rondeau 1a : a fixed form of verse based on two rhyme sounds and consisting usually of 13 lines in three stanzas with the opening words of the first line of the first stanza used as an independent refrain after the second and third stanzas. b : a poem in this form.
Why is rondeau form important?
Named after the French word for “round,” the rondeau is characterized by the repeating lines of the rentrement, or refrain, and the two rhyme sounds throughout. The form was originally a musical vehicle devoted to emotional subjects such as spiritual worship, courtship, romance, and the changing of seasons.
What is a rondeau example?
Originating in France, a mainly octosyllabic poem consisting of between 10 and 15 lines and three stanzas. Geoffrey Chaucer’s “Now welcome, summer” at the close of The Parlement of Fowls is an example of a 13-line rondeau. A rondeau redoublé consists of six quatrains using two rhymes.
What is the rhythm of rondeau?
In the rondeau quatrain, the rhyme scheme is usually ABBA ab AB abba ABBA; in the rondeau cinquain it is AABBA aab AAB aabba AABBA.
Which kind of music would you play sacred or secular?
Sacred music was primarily in the form of the motet or the Mass, while secular music included madrigals and the rise of both instrumental music and dance music.
What is a virelai in music?
A virelai is a form of medieval French verse used often in poetry and music. It is one of the three formes fixes (the others were the ballade and the rondeau) and was one of the most common verse forms set to music in Europe from the late thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries.
What is a rondeau?
It is one of the three formes fixes (the others were the ballade and the rondeau) and was one of the most common verse forms set to music in Europe from the late thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries.
Where did the virelai originate from?
virelai, one of several formes fixes (“fixed forms”) in French lyric poetry and song of the 14th and 15th centuries ( compare ballade; rondeau ). It probably did not originate in France, and it takes on several different forms even within the French tradition.
Who are some famous composers of virelai?
One of the most famous composers of virelai is Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300–1377), who also wrote his own verse; 33 separate compositions in the form survive by him. Other composers of virelai include Jehannot de l’Escurel, one of the earliest (d. 1304), and Guillaume Dufay (c. 1400–1474), one of the latest.