What is the working principle of deaerator?
The Principle of Deaeration Deaerators operate on Henry’s Law of Partial Pressure, a principle in physical chemistry that says that the quantity of dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure above that liquid.
How many types of deaerators are there?
There are two basic types of deaerators, the tray-type and the spray-type: The tray-type (also called the cascade-type) includes a vertical domed deaeration section mounted on top of a horizontal cylindrical vessel which serves as the deaerated boiler feedwater storage tank.
Why do deaerator boilers feed water?
The purpose of a deaerator is to reduce dissolved gases, particularly oxygen, to a low level and improve a plant’s thermal efficiency by raising the water temperature. In addition, deaerators provide feedwater storage and proper suction conditions for boiler feedwater pumps.
What chemical is fed to the deaerator?
The type of chemical added depends on whether the location uses a volatile or non-volatile water treatment program. Most lower pressure systems (lower than 650 psi (4,500 kPa)) use non-volatile treatment programs. The most commonly used oxygen scavenger for lower pressure systems is sodium sulfite (Na2SO3).
What is the purpose of a condenser in a deaerator?
In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water (referred to as steam condensate) so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water.
Why is pressure maintained in deaerator?
Deaerator uses Low pressure steam from the process plant at a pressure range between 0.5 to 1.5 bar. Steam pressure inside the deaerator has to be maintained to facilitate the removal of dissolved gases from water and also to provide adequate NPSH to boiler feed water pump.
How do you size a deaerator?
The receiver size on deaerators is typically based on the total system load (i.e., sum of all boilers fed by deaerator) with 10 minutes NET storage. If boiler and deaerator are on the same floor, enter a value of “0” for feet of head.
What is deaerator pump?
The deaerator is installed at some elevation above the BFW pump to provide the NPSH required by the pump. By definition, the NPSHr is the total suction head over and above the vapor pressure of the liquid pumped.
What is deaerator pressure?
Typical operating parameters for a pressurised deaerator The operating pressure will usually be approximately 0.2 bar (3 psi), which gives a saturation temperature of 105°C (221°F). The vessel will contain between 10 and 20 minutes water storage for the boiler on full-load.
Is steam rich in oxygen?
Steam is denser than Oxygen or Natural Gas, but lighter than Sour Gas and Chlorine.
Is a deaerator a pressure vessel?
Deaerators are large, insulated tank-car-shaped pressure vessels. They produce preheated boiler feedwater to help ensure efficient steam-plant operation. Deaerators come in numerous sizes and shapes, depending on boiler-plant design, capacity, and system pressure rating.
Who invented the 12 principles of animation?
In their 1981 book, The Illusion of Life, Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas introduced the twelve principles of animation. The pair were part of Disney’s “ Nine Old Men ,” the core group of animators who were instrumental in creating Disney’s animation style.
What are the basic principles of animation?
Each principle is vital to the animation process, so let’s dig deeper into each one. Squash and stretch is debatably the most fundamental principle. Look at what happens when a ball hits the ground.
What are the two ways of drawing animation?
These are two ways of drawing animation. Straight ahead action is where you draw each frame of an action one after another as you go along. With pose-to-pose, you draw the extremes – that is, the beginning and end drawings of action – then you go on to the middle frame, and start to fill in the frames in-between.
How do students respond to animation?
Students tend to respond more to the ones that visibly and quickly enhance their character’s movement, like anticipation or follow-through. Learn more about the curriculum and other offerings from the Animation and Motion Media department at Lesley’s College of Art and Design.