What is vortex vein ampulla?
Vortex vein ampulla varicosities are asymptomatic, harmless, findings in the retina. They are incidentally picked up on routine eye examination or when presenting for unrelated ocular symptoms.
What is Vortex vein?
The vorticose veins, referred to clinically as the vortex veins, drain the ocular choroid. The number of vortex veins is known to vary from 4 to 8 with about 65% of the normal population having 4 or 5. However, the veins run posteriorly in the sclera exiting the eye well posterior to the equator.
What is the pars plana of the eye?
The pars plana (also known as orbicularis ciliaris) (Latin: flat portion) is part of the ciliary body in the uvea (or vascular tunic), the middle layer of the three layers that comprise the eye. It is about 4 mm long, located near the junction of the iris and sclera, and is scalloped in appearance.
What is ora serrata in human eye?
The ora serrata is the peripheral termination of the retina and lies approximately 5 mm anterior to the equator of the eye. The ora serrata is approximately 2 mm wide and is the site of transition from the complex, multilayered neural retina to the single, nonpigmented layer of ciliary epithelium.
What do the vortex veins drain into?
The vorticose veins, more commonly referred to as vortex veins, drain the ocular choroid. Some empty into the cavernous sinus through the superior orbital veins, whereas others drain into the pterygoid plexus through the inferior orbital veins.
How many vortex veins are present?
four vortex veins
Vortex or Vorticose Veins. A different set of veins, the vortex veins, drain the uvea. There are four vortex veins, but only two of them, the superior medial and the lateral, are located in the superior orbital venous system (Figs.
How successful is a vitrectomy?
Safety and Results: Severe complications are rare and anatomic success for vitrectomy is over 90% for many conditions. Advances in instrumentation, techniques, and understanding of diseases of the vitreous and retina have made vitrectomy and retina surgery more successful.
What is a vitrectomy pars plana?
Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is a surgical procedure that is performed to remove the vitreous gel from the eye, allowing for better access to the retina. As a result, a variety of repairs can be completed and various eye conditions can be treated.
Is the ora serrata part of the retina?
The ora serrata is the peripheral termination of the retina and lies approximately 5 mm anterior to the equator of the eye. Its name derives from the scalloped pattern of bays and dentate processes (see Chapter 3); the retina extends further anteriorly on the medial side of the eye.
What is aqueous humor?
Aqueous humor is the fluid produced by the eye. It provides nutrition to the eye, as well as maintains the eye in a pressurized state.
What is ophthalmic vein?
Ophthalmic veins are veins which drain the eye. More specifically, they can refer to: Superior ophthalmic vein. Inferior ophthalmic vein.
What is a vortex in the eye?
Vortex veins are comprised of four to five large venous vessels located in loose connective tissue in the external vessel layer of the sclera. 2. The vortex veins pierce the sclera to join the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, which assist in carrying blood from the eye to the cavernous sinus.
What is varix of the vortex vein ampulla?
Varix of the vortex vein ampulla is a bulging of the vein and overlying retina into the vitreous. It is of uncertain etiology. The lesion is lightly pigmented and ranges in size from one to three disc diameters. It has a dynamic nature and can be flattened by applying pressure to the globe.
How far is the vortex vein Ampulla from the optic nerve?
The mean distance of a vortex vein ampulla from the optic nerve was 14.2±1.1 mm (range, 10.3-17.7 mm). The frequency of ampullae was higher in the superior and inferior quadrants than the nasal and temporal quadrants.
How is the location of the vortex vein identified?
Vortex vein ampullae can be identified with ophthalmoscopic examination and their location serves as an important landmark to denote the equator of the globe (Figure 2). However, as these vortex veins traverse a short intra-scleral course before exiting the eye, the actual exit points are usually situated posterior to the equator.
How can we improve in vivo visualization of the vortex veins?
In summary, advances in imaging techniques, in particular UWF ICGA, has allowed improved in vivo visualization of the vortex veins and a better evaluation of the choroidal drainage system in its complexity.