Which drugs can cause acute kidney injury?
Medicines That Can Cause Acute Kidney Injury
- Antibiotics.
- Some blood pressure medicines.
- Medicines used for cancer treatment (chemotherapy).
- Dyes (contrast media).
- Illegal drugs.
- Medicines used to treat HIV.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Ulcer medicines.
Which drug groups are nephrotoxic?
Drugs Associated with Nephrotoxicity
| Drug class/drug(s) | Pathophysiologic mechanism of renal injury |
|---|---|
| Pamidronate (Aredia) | Glomerulonephritis |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | Acute interstitial nephritis |
| Quinine (Qualaquin) | Thrombotic microangiopathy |
| Ranitidine (Zantac) | Acute interstitial nephritis |
What drugs cause Prerenal AKI?
Aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, and radiologic contrast agents may also do so. Arteriolar vasoconstriction leading to prerenal AKI can occur in hypercalcemic states, as well as with the use of radiocontrast agents, NSAIDs, amphotericin, calcineurin inhibitors, norepinephrine, and other pressor agents.
Which drug is contraindicated in acute renal failure?
Problematic drugs whose use in patients with renal insufficiency is nephrologically contraindicated: Pethidine, cefepime, lithium, gilbenclamide, gimepiride, metformin, spironolactone, eplerenone, methotrexate, gadolinium, enoxaparin.
How do drugs cause kidney injury?
Intravenous drug users have an increased risk of buildup of protein in organs and tissues associated with chronic infections and inflammation (secondary amyloidosis). This can progress to kidney failure. Opiate overdose can lead to rhabdomyolysis, which can amplify the risks of kidney damage.
What is drug-induced nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity can be defined as any renal injury caused directly or indirectly by medications, with acute renal failure, tubulopathies, and glomerulopathies as common clinical presentations.
What is drug induced nephrotoxicity?
What are nephrotoxic antibiotics?
The potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics in current clinical use are neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, bacitracin, the polymyxins (polymyxin B, and colistin), and amphotericin B.
What causes acute Prerenal failure?
The primary agents that cause prerenal acute renal failure are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The inhibition of ACE prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to decreased levels of angiotensin II.
What causes Prerenal acute renal failure?
It can be a complication of almost any disease, condition, or medicine that causes a decrease in the normal amount of blood and fluid in the body. Causes of prerenal acute kidney injury include: Severe blood loss and low blood pressure related to major cardiac or abdominal surgery, severe infection (sepsis), or injury.
Is linezolid safe in renal failure?
Overall, linezolid elimination is not affected by renal function, and no dosage adjustment is warranted for patients with renal impairment.
Is ceftriaxone safe in renal failure?
Ceftriaxone is considered a safe antibiotic for patients with renal insufficiency, since it is excreted via both haptic and renal pathways.
How is acute renal failure diagnosed in drug induced renal failure?
Drug-Induced Acute Renal Failure. This results in electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities and retention of nitrogenous waste products, such as urea and creatinine. Patients with ARF are often asymptomatic and are diagnosed by observed elevations in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels.
What are the guidelines for drug therapy for renal failure?
If a patient needs a drug that affects renal hemodynamics, the therapy should begin with a minimum effective dose, and combinations of two and more nephrotoxic drugs should be avoided. Close monitoring of kidney function is crucial for high-risk patients.
What is the incidence of drug-related acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common problem in clinical medicine and the incidence of drug-related acute kidney injury (AKI) may be as high as 60 percent (1-4).
What is the prevalence of rifampicin-related renal failure (ARF)?
Rifampicin 16% of all ARF. Most cases of rifampicin-related renal failure are secondary to drug-induced haemolytic anaemia. However, and light-chain proteinuria constitute the remaining.